Animales sorprendentes

Cuenca-Ecuador


Colibrí

Los ojos de los insectos y de los pájaros están armonizados con las longitudes de onda de la luz fuera del rango visible que podemos ver los humanos. Los pájaros que nos parecen de un color apagado por lo general tienen colores radiantes para los que ni siquiera tenemos nombres cuando los vemos a la luz cercana a la ultravioleta. Los telescopios como el Hubble, producen las imágenes ultravioleta, las cuales son coloreadas por los técnicos para que podamos disfrutarlas.

Colibrí

Murciélagos


Los murciélagos evitan los obstáculos y capturan insectos al vuelo porque emiten sonidos ultrasónicos e interpretan el eco de las ondas del sonido que rebotan en los objetos que tienen a su alrededor en su medio ambiente. Este sonar biológico, llamado "eco-ubicación", también es utilizado por los delfines para navegar en aguas oscuras o turbias.

Murciélagos

Familia de los gatos


Los gatos tienen una membrana tipo espejo en la parte trasera de sus ojos lo que les permite cazar y moverse en una oscuridad casi total. Denominado "tapetum lucidum", la membrana refleja la luz después de que esta ha viajado ya a través de la retina, dándole a los ojos otra oportunidad de atrapar los fotones a medida que realizan su segundo paso.


Familia de los gatos

Tiburones


A los tiburones más vale dejarlos tranquilos, de otra manera siempre saldremos perdiendo. Los tiburones tienen celdas especiales en su cerebro que son sensitivas a los campos eléctricos generados por otras criaturas. Esta habilidad está tan refinada en algunos tiburones que pueden capturar presas aún escondiéndose bajo la arena, simplemente por las débiles señales eléctricas que emiten sus músculos en tensión.

Tiburones

Mariposas nocturnas


Para las mariposas nocturnas o polillas, el término de "el amor flota en el aire" es algo que es tomado literalmente. Estos insectos pueden detectar señales de amor químicas, denominadas feromonas y que son emitidas por el sexo opuesto desde una distancia de hasta 10 kilómetros. Algunos estudios muestran que los humanos también detectamos las feromonas, pero parece ser que el efecto requiere de encuentros muy cercanos.

Mariposas nocturnas

Boas

Los órganos sensibles a la temperatura localizados entre los ojos y las narices de las boas y otras serpientes, les permite "sentir" el calor corporal de sus presas. Existe uno colocado a cada lado de la cabeza de la serpiente, de modo que pueden percibir la profundidad y atacar con una exactitud mortal aún en la más completa oscuridad.

Boas

Aves migratorias


Muchos pájaros, en especial los migratorios, pueden usar el campo magnético de la Tierra para mantenerse en curso durante sus largos vuelos. Los científicos aún no están seguros de cómo lo hace, pero un estudio reciente se sugiere que los pájaros podrían tener una especie de sinestesia que les permite "ver" las líneas magnéticas del planeta como patrones de color o luz que se sobreponen sobre sus alrededores visuales. Los humanos dependemos de señales familiares o de la posición del Sol para localizar el norte y muchos ni esto saben hacer.

Aves migratorias

Serpientes


Una serpiente sacando a relucir y moviendo su lengua bifurcada puede parecernos algo ominoso, pero esta es la simple manera como este animal olfatea sus alrededores. Una serpiente utiliza su lengua para recolectar partículas que ondean en el aire. La cubierta de la lengua es introducida en unas cavidades especiales en la parte superior de la boca de la serpiente, denominadas "órganos de Jacobson". Ahí, los olores son procesados y transformados en señales eléctricas que son enviadas al cerebro.

Serpientes

Ratones


La mayoría de las ratas tienen una visión pobre, pero se las ingenian por medio de sus bigotes en el morro. Utilizan estos largos pelos, también llamados detectores, de la misma manera que los ciegos utilizan sus bastones. Mediante el tocamiento de estos pelos por encima de los objetos sobre los que van pasando, las ratas y otros roedores se forman imágenes mentales de sus alrededores.

Ratones

Pez tambor



Algunos peces como este pez tambor "escuchan" utilizando sus bolsas de aire. Estas vejigas detectan las vibraciones del sonido y las retransmiten al oído interior por medio de un sistema de huesos en el oído medio denominado el "aparato Weberiano". Las celdas pilosas en el oído interno responden a las vibraciones y transmiten la información del sonido al cerebro del pez.

Pez tambor




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